Rivet setting tool



May 14,y 1946. J. JENSEN RIVET'- SETTING TOOL Filed Sept. 2s, 1942 3 Sheets-Sheet 15y y Patented May 14, 1946' Jolin Jensen, Rockford, Ill., assigner to Whitney'f Metal Tool Company, Rockford, Ill., a corpora-` tion of Illinois Application'S'epten-lber 28, 1942, Serial No'. 459,945 n 1c Claims.

Myinvention relates to a rivet setting tool and is concerned more'particularly with a tool utilizable vin the mechanicalsettirig of that type of rivet which is positioned and secured in plac from one side of the parts to be conrlectedv together.

Generally speaking, 'such aY fastening means, which may bein the form of a rivet, bolt, stay or similar member, and which for purposes of description Will be considered as a rivet, comprises a head andshank arranged similar to a standard solid rivet, but differs therefrom in respect 4of an axialpassage extending completely. through the head and shank. Atypicalrivet of(n this class is disclosed in United Statesy Letters Patent No.

V2,183,543 and it is secured ink position by spreading or expanding the shank end of the rivetby means of an upsetting or formermember which engages the shank end, extends through the rivet passage and is pulled by a tool on the head sider of the unit While the rivet head is held iirmly against one of the parts being fastened together. Uniformity of setting is intended.- to be accomplishedby employing former members of uniform-strength -for .any givenrsiae of rivet which are tensionally ruptured during pulling at any predetermined strength of Dull. K v 'd ,Tools heretoforeemployed for setting the above type o f rivet havenot provenventirely satisfactory for a number of reasons, including a tendency to cock the rivet during setting by a :pull misaligned relative to the axis of the rivet and awkwardness in holding the` tool tojthe-rivet andin applying the oppositely acting forces to the rivet head` and former member. f 3

, It isv therefore one objectxof my invention to provideva tool-forithev purpose statedwhich is characterized: by va capacity for securing substantially a4v full circumferential `bearingon the rivet head and Asubstantially a full circumferential grip on the former member, or, generally,l a bearing and grip which is'symmetric with the axisiof l the rivet.

" and 3 3, respectively, in Fig, 1.-,v

ber v'which deforms one enolofk the vrivettl'iusr` insuring uniformitya'nd precision in the setting operation-and uniformity of stress distribution in the rivet,- and rapidity of action in engaging with and disengagingfrom the rivet. l y, Y

These and furtherfolojectsof myV` invention will be set forth in the following specication,-refer ence. beingl had to the accompanying drawings, and the novel means,ley-Whichy said objects4 are eifectuated Will be definitely pointedout the claimsjp Inthe drawings:,;V` Y' Figureluis an elevati 'partly in; section of one form of my improvedrivetsettingf-tool; f j Figs. Zand 3 are sections along the ylines 2 2 Figs. 4 to 6, inclusive, are enlarged, sectional elevations of the Working end of the tool showing successive stages of operation with krespect to' the rivet being set.l .Y i Fig 7 is an elevation Aof ,a modied form ofthe tool. Fig. 8 is a viewl looking in the' direction of the area IlinliigH?.r

Fig. 9 is a section along; the line'9?9 :in Fig. 7. Fig. 10 is 1a; fragmentary Asection ofgthe vWorking end of the toolshoWing-the'same incondition 'to receive a portion-:oftherivet tober set.

Figfll isf-iafsectionalong-the line ||-|l in Fig-.7.

Fig. 12 is a side elevation of the collet shovving f the normal 'expanded condition of this 'part when free',y from restraint.- '1;

Fig. 13 'is' a transverse section takenV in the planeof line I3--1|3in-Fig. 9.- I

Byv Way of example, imy improved-settingftool will be illustrated inV connection with the .type of rivet assemblydisclosed in thev above patent,.but it will be understood-that this association is merely descriptive invnature, as the tool-.is intended toY be utilizedin connection With' any type of hollowfrivet assmblywhich is set from one side of l the parts being fastened together and which .in-'

cludes a former member thatextends through the rivet lfor engagement with the tool. In a generic sense, the tool sets the rivet by 'symmetru cally bearingl on the rivet head While symmetrically Agripping the .formenmember and pulling the same ,through the rivet. gripping AYforces are l essentially balanced, lrespectively, around theA axis of the-lrivet,.but areynot necessarily continuous .'aroumzl-` the" head 4and member.; g4`

lleferringl to Figs.- 1.to 6,1inclusive, and directing attention more particularly to Fig. 1, the nu- The bearing and meral 2U designates a casing which has extending from one side a hand grip 2| by means of which the tool is held. to the work in the manner hereinafter described. The casing 2U is centrally bored as at 22 to receive a hollow screw 23 having a helical groove 24 disposed around its peripheral surface. This screw cooperates with a nut 25 Which -rotates Within a counterbol'e 26 coaxial with the bore 22. A similar helical groove 21 is formed internally of the nut 25 and a plurality of balls 28 operating in the indicated grooves provide the required connection between l the nut 25 and the screw 23. The nut 25 is rotated 'by a collar 29 secured thereto and from which extends an operating handle 30 that -may carry a rotary hand grip 30a. The nut is held against axial movement (see Fig. 3) by means of a set screw 3| mounted in the casing 2|) and whose inner end extends into a circumferential against rotary movement, but arranged for an axial movement through the medium of a set screw also threaded through the casing 2U and whose inner end operates in a longitudinal groove 31 provided in the peripheral surface of the screw. Endwise movement of the screw 23 toward the left is Vlimited by an internal shoulder 38 provided at the end of the bore 22.

Coaxial with the screw 2 3 and extending therethrough is a hollow pull tube 39 whose right end is flanged as at 40 and seats against the right end of the screw, the tube being held in this position by a cap 4| which is threaded on the indicated end of the screw 23. The left end of the tube 39 is split to form a multiple jaw' collet. Thus the tube for a predetermined distance along the tube'from the left end is provided with a plurality of. fingers 42. When this tube is rst formed, these fingers are bent radially outward and spring tempered so that when free to do so they. occupy the outwardly extended position shown in Fig. '4. When the fingers are closed on each other, as illustrated in Fig. 1, an annular internal shoulder 43 is formed in the finger end of the tube.

The end of the tube 39 which projects beyond the left end of the casing 20 is surrounded by a colletl sleeve composed of the separable jaws 44. The left end of each of these jaws is so shaped that, when contracted as illustrated in Fig. 1, the complementary shapings form a parti-spherical recess 45 which is intended to bear on the head of the rivet as hereinafter described. Each jaw 44 also Vincludes a recess which cooperates with similar recesses in the other jaws to form a passage 46 which is coaxial with' the recess 45 and with the tube 39. The right end of each jaw 44 is outwardly shouldered as at 41 and abutting Y tions illustrated in Fig. 1, encircles and `bears against an annular surface 5| provided onv the jaws 44. Accordingly, the spring 49 tends to maintain the collar 5B in the advanced position sh'own, i. e., in a position closing the jaws 44 and also the ngers 42. As noted in Fig. 1, the surface Ela around the main body of the sleeve collet possesses a smaller diameter than the surface 5| and these surfaces are connected by an inclined surfaoe`52 .j(see Figs. 1 and. 4)'.1V 1" v.Referring to Figs. 4 to6, inclusive, which show the several stages involved in conditioning the ltool to be placed in operative relation to a rivet and the setting of this rivet, it will be noted that one of the principal advantages of the tool resides in the capacity for receiving endwise the -former member for the rivet. This result is obtained byfretracting the collar 50 to the position illustrated in Fig.. 4. When the nose of the collar 50 reaches the inclined surface 52, the confining restraint Von the spring ngers 42 is released so that these fingers move radially outward and correspondingly move the jaws 44, all as illustrated in Fig. 4. In this connection, yit will be understood that the split nut 48 is internally tapered so as to permit the jaws to be shifted with a slight pivotal action relative to the nut.

In Fig. 5 is illustrated in dotted outline a rivet assemblyr53 which -comprises a rivet having a 'rounded head 54, a hollow shank 55 which' extends through theparts 56 and 51 that are to be fastened together, and a former member 58 which engages the tail end of the shank 55 and is provided witha stem l,59 that extends through the shank '55 and terminates in a head 60. This rivet assembly is inserted through the apertures in the parts 56 and 51, after which the tool is conditioned by manually retracting the collar 50 to permit radial spreading of the iingers 42 and jaws 44 as shown in Fig. 4. Thereupon, th'e tool can be moved'into the position generally indicated in Fig. 5 relative tothe rivet, i. e., with the head 60 located within the tube 39 and in proximity to the shoulde`r43and the collar 50 advanced by spring 49 :to close therngers and jaws. The recessed yend of the-collet is then seated on th'e rivet head 54 and the tool is held in this position by means of the hand grip 2|. Thereafter, the handle 30 is rotated in a clockwise direction, looking at the right-hand end of Figs. 1 and 3. This turns nut 25 clockwise. Thenutis heldagainst axial movement by pins 3| and groove 32; and bushing 23 is held-'against rotating movement by pin 36 'and groove 31. As a result balls 28, moving in grooves 24, cause .an axial shift of bushing 23 which in turn causes an axial shift of the tube'39 toward the right andan engagement of the shoulder 43 with the head 60, thus causing an axial movement of the former member 58 towards th'e right to outwardly expand the tail of the rivet into the shape indicated by the numeral 6| in Fig. 6. In the arrangement illustrated, the shoulder 43 has a full, circumferential"engagement with 'the head 60. The pull on the stem 59 is continued until it is tensionally ruptured as-illustrated in Fig. 6. By making the stems 59 of uniform strength it is possible to secure .a uniform setting of the rivets. Afterwards, the portion of the former member left in the rivet shank may be sawed off and left in position or removed and theV opening through the rivet lled with an appropriate cement. The tool is .readily changed to accommodate different size rivets by unscrewing the cap V4| and withdrawing and `inserting an appropriate size pull tube 39, while a different sleeve collet may be inserted after unscrewing the nut 48.

`r Fne kmodification disclosed above vmight be vaebofetfa grooves provided in the screw and nut. TheA nut rotates within aV counterbore 66 and endthiusts of the nut toward the left are accommodated by a thrust' ring plate 61 which 'abuts against a shoulder 68 vat the left end ofthe counterbore and between the plate and the adjacent end of the nut is provided a plurality of Vballs 69. The

`nut is held against axial movement toward the right by means of a sleeve 10 in-,which the nut is journaled and which is threaded in ,the coun-- terbore 66 and abuts against a shoulder 1l provided on the nut. The rightend of the rsleeve 18 is outwardly flanged as at 12 andl between this flange andthe adjacent end of the casing 62 is clamped arcollar 13 having a radial arm 14 that may be socketed to receive one Aend of a handle 15. rThis handle extends radially outward of the casing 62, is then bent substantially parallel to the axisof the casing and then inwardly toward the axis of the casing andinspaced relation to the right end thereof (see Fig. 7) and lonits'free end is rotarily mounted a hand grip 18. For a purpose vpresently explained, the hand grip 16 is coaxial'withthe axis ofthe 'casing 62.

As noted in Fig. 9, the nut 64 extends beyond the flange 12 and has secured thereto a collar 11 from which extends a radial arm 18 having on its outer end a rotary handgrip 15).. As illustrated in Fig. 7, the hand grip 19 operates within thepartial enclosure defined by the arm` 15.

Movement of the screw 63 towards the left is limitedby a shoulder 80 within `the casing 62 and the screw is restrained to an axial movement of translation only by means of set screws 8l which are threaded through the wall of the casing 62 and have theirinner ends received within elongated grooves 82 provided in the peripheral surface of the screw. A pulltubef83 is mounted within they screw 63 in coaxial relation thereto and has its right end outwardly flanged as at 84 to 'seat' against va shoulder 85 provided on the screw 63- by means of'a plug 86 which is threaded internally of the screw.'V The right endof the plugY 86 may be knurled or otherwise shaped for easy finger gripping so aslto permitof its ready 'withdrawal` and theinsertion of tubes for, accommodating different size rivets.V

The left end of the tube sa is spun inwardly is composed ofi complementally shaped grooves Orzdepressions formed'inthe jaws 88. The right ends ot the jaws. are'united by a-continuous ring 9T! which `is putwardly shoulderedas' at192 `and maintained in operative relation tothe cas-ing`462 byr la ,nutA 93 Ithreaded'internally. of; the'. casi-ng.

The jaws' 88 and 'accordingly' the springr fingers 81 are 'heldin the closedv position illustratedby a collar $14V having an internal bead 95 that bears againstan annular surface 96 on thevc/ollet and composed'ofthefseveral arcsY aroundthe jaws 88. :jLike the spring fingers 81, the colletv jawsl 88 also tend tomove radially ,whenv free todo so, as illustratedin'jFig. 12. Accordingly, this tool is transposed quickly from the closed position shown 9' tolthe' open positionv shown inFig. 10

byfmerely retracting the collar 94. The number offjaws'88 and fingers 81 may be varied as desired, three of the' former and four' of the latter being illustrated in Fig. 13. l

The operation off this tool is generally similar to that described above in that the collar 94 is moved .toward the right to thereby enable the hg'ersBT and jaws 88ste move radially as per- Vmitted by the frusto-conical surface 91 on each jaw.`f. To further facilitate theindicated movement, .the internal surface of the nut 93 is tapered as indicated by the numeral 98.Y v The several parts .lof thefleft end of the tool. then occupy tlieposition illustrated in Fig.Y 10 whereupon the head .'60 (see Fig. 5) of the rivetassembly may be inserted within the pull tube 83 and collar 94 movedto they position shoWninFig. 9 to thereby close the-*jaws `88 and the spring Yfingers 81. The

spring fingersg8-1 and jawsV 88, but this grip may v begreadily broken; by the operator. Thereafter, the tool'is positioned relativeto the rivet assembly.I asillustrated in Fig. 5 and true axial bearing ofthe` recess 891 on the rivet head is insured by the coaxial 'relation Vof the hand gripl 16 relative to the'axisfofthe casing 62 and. also of the rivet assembly. Accordingly', vvhen'the handle 18 is operated in the appropriate direction, the head 68 of the rivet assembly is engaged by the shoulder 9S of the pull tube 83 and the ensuing action is identical with that already described for the gun type of tool. One of the primary advantages in the use of either of the above modifications resides in the fact that it is possible tovhold the tool to the work with one hand while operating the pulltube to set the rivet with the other. A further advantage consists in the full bearing on the rivet headand the balanced grip on the head V60 which avoids any tendency to cock the rivet during setting. I claim as my invention: o

l. A tool for setting a hollow rivet having a Yhead and a former member engaging the tail and extending through the rivet comprising head bearing means forholding the rivet during set'- ting, andpulling means for engaging and drawing the member through the rivet to spread the tail, the bearing and pulling means being telescopically related and each comprising parts radially movable to receive the member endwise.

2. A .tool for setting a hollow rivet having a head and a former member engagingthe tail and extending through the rivet comprising head bearing means for holding the rivet during setting, pulling means for engaging and drawing the member through the rivet to spreadthe tail, the pulling means'being located inwardly of and-in telescopio relation to the bearing means and each comprising parts radially movable to receive the member endwise-,and a collar advanceable to contract the bearing.' and pulling means intofworking engagement with the rivet and member, respectively, and retractable to release the parts.

3. A tool for setting a hollow rivet having a head and a former member engaging the tail and extending through the rivet comprising a split collet having one end recessed to bear on the rivet head, a pull tube within the collet for engaging and drawing the member through the rivet to spread the tail, the member engaging end of the tube being split whereby said tube end and collet may be expanded radially to receive the member endwise, and means for contracting the collet and said tube end into working engagement with the rivet and member.

4. A tool for setting a` hollow rivet having a head and a former member engaging the tail and extending Athrough the rivet comprising a split collet having one end recessed to bear on the rivet head, a pull tube within the collet for engaging and drawing the member through the rivet to spread the tail, the member engaging end of the tube having outwardly biased partsA engageable with and radially moving the split portions of the collet to receive the member endwise, and means for contracting the collet and said tube end into working engagement with the rivet and member.

5. A tool for setting a hollow rivet having a head and a former member engaging the tail and extending through the rivet comprising a split collet having one end recessed to bear on the rivet head, a pull tube within the collet for engaging and drawing the member through the rivet to spread the tail, the member engaging end of the tube being split and spring tempered and tending to bend radially outward of the tube to thereby radially expand the collet and receive the member endwise, and means for contracting the collet and said tube end into Working engagement with the rivet and member.

6. A tool for setting a hollow rivet having a head and a former member engaging the tail and extending through the rivet comprising a split collet havingY one end recessed to bear on the rivet head, a; pull tube within the colletvfor engaging and drawing the member through the rivet to lspreadthetail, the member vengaging end of the tube having outward biased parts engageable with and radially moving the split portions of the collet to receive the member endwise, and a collar surrounding the collet advanceable to contract the collet and tube into working engagement with the rivet and member, respectively, and retractable to permit release of the parts.

7. A tool for setting a hollow rivet having a head and a former member engaging the tail and extending through the rivet comprising a split collet having one end recessed to` bear on the rivet head, a pull tube within the collet for engaging and drawing the member through the rivet to spread the tail, the member engaging end of the tube having outward biased parts engageable with and radially moving the split portions of the collet to receive the member endwise, and a collar surrounding the collet spring actuated to contract the collet and tube into working engagement with the rivet and member, respectively, and retractable against the spring to permit release of the parts.

8. A tool for setting a hollow rivet having a head and a former member engaging the tail and extending through the rivet comprising a split collet having one end recessed to bear on the' rivetrhead, a pull tube Within the collet for engaging and drawing the member through the rivet to spread the tail, the member engaging end of the tube having resilient parts engageable with and yradially moving the split portions of the collet to receivel the member endwise, and a collar surrounding the collet advanceable to contract the collet and tube into working engagement with the rivet and member, respectively, and retractable to permit release of the parts, the collar and collet having co-acting surfaces for'frictionally holding the collar in advanced position under the impulse of the resilient parts.

9. A tool for setting a hollow rivet having a head and a former member engaging the tail and extending through the rivet comprising means for symmetrically bearing on the head to hold the rivet during setting, and pulling means for symmetrically engaging and drawing the member through the rivet to spread the tail, the bearing and pulling means being telescopically related and each comprising parts radially movable to receive the member endwise.

10. A toolV for setting'a' hollow rivet having a head and a former member engaging the tail and extending through the rivet comprising head bearing means for holding the rivet during setting, pulling means for engaging and drawing the member through the rivet to spread the tail, the pulling means being located inwardly of and in telescopic relation to the bearing means and each comprising parts radially movable to receive the member endwise, and a collar advanceable'to contract the bearing and pulling means into working engagement with the rivet and member, respectively, and retractable to release the parts.

ll. A tool for setting a hollow rivet having a head and a former member engaging the tail and extending through the rivet comprising a collet having a plurality of jaws complementally shaped at one end to bear on the rivet head, a pulll tube within and coaxial with the collet having a plurality of ngers for engaging and drawing the member through the rivet to spread the tail, the jaws and fingers being spring tempered and tending to bend radially outward to receive the member endwise, and means for contracting the collet and ngers into working engagement with therivet and member.

12. A pulling. mechanism for rivets equipped with pulling heads, comprising: a multiple-jaw collet adapted to t over and engage the pulling head of a rivet,a multiple-jaw collet-constrictor iitted around said collet, said constrictor includingradially movable anvil segments adapted when in their radially inner positions to receive slidably the stem of said pulling head and bear against said rivet.

13. A pulling mechanism for rivets equipped with pulling heads, comprising: a multiple-jaw collet including segmental Vgripping elements tending to spread radially to receive the pulling head of a rivet, a multiple-jaw collet sleeve fitted over said collet and urged Vradially outward thereby, said sleeve including segmental anvil elements protruding forwardV of said collet to receive slidably the shank of `said ypulling head and bear against an end of said rivet, means for constricting said collet sleeve to close said anvil elements and gripping elements about said shank and pulling head, and means 'for moving said collet longitudinally to exert traction on said pulling head.

14. A pulling mechanism for rivets equipped with pulling heads, comprisingz'a. spring jaw collet having a normally open position adapted to receive the pulling head of a rivet, and a closed position engaging said head; a segmental constrictor-sleeve around said collet, said constrictorsleeve including complementary anvil segments overhanging said collet and adapted to be spread radially thereby, said anvil segments being adapted to receive slidablyV the shank of said pulling head and bear against an end of said rivet, means for constricting said constrictor, thereby constricting said collet, and means for moving said collet longitudinally when constricted to exert traction on said rivet. A

15. A pulling mechanism for rivets equipped with pulling heads, comprising: complementary anvil segments adapted to t slidably around the shank of the said pulling head of a rivet and bear against the end of said rivet from which said shank prctrudes; a segmental collet Within said anvil segments, said collet tending to spread said anvil segments whereby said collet and anvil segments may sli-p over said pulling head, means for constricting said anvil elements and collet to cause engagementy of said pulling head by said collet, and means for exerting traction yon said collet and pulling head, while said anvil segments 

